The nexus between health status and health expenditure, energy consumption and environmental pollution: empirical evidence from SAARC-BIMSTEC regions

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for betterment of health status, while also considering expenditure, energy, and environmental issues. This paper examines nexus between status expenditure (both public private), energy consumption pollution in SAARC-BIMSTEC region. Methods We utilized panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, heterogeneous causality test, cross sectional dependence cointegration test Pesaran dependent (CADF) unit root obtaining estimated results from data over 16 years (2002–2017). Results Our authorize among variables used, where coefficients consumption, private expenditures, economic growth are 0.027, 0.014, 0.030, 0.029, respectively, indicating positive statistically significant effects. coefficient is ? 0.085, implying negative effect on these regions long-run. However, no wise impact found short-run. Bidirectional unidirectional causal links studied identified.. Conclusions improved region needs to be protected by articulating effective policies. attained theoretically empirically consistent, have important policy implications sector.